module Agents class HumanTaskAgent < Agent default_schedule "every_10m" gem_dependency_check { defined?(RTurk) } description <<-MD The Human Task Agent is used to create Human Intelligence Tasks (HITs) on Mechanical Turk. #{'## Include `rturk` in your Gemfile to use this Agent!' if dependencies_missing?} HITs can be created in response to events, or on a schedule. Set `trigger_on` to either `schedule` or `event`. # Schedule The schedule of this Agent is how often it should check for completed HITs, __NOT__ how often to submit one. To configure how often a new HIT should be submitted when in `schedule` mode, set `submission_period` to a number of hours. # Example If created with an event, all HIT fields can contain interpolated values via [liquid templating](https://github.com/cantino/huginn/wiki/Formatting-Events-using-Liquid). For example, if the incoming event was a Twitter event, you could make a HITT to rate its sentiment like this: { "expected_receive_period_in_days": 2, "trigger_on": "event", "hit": { "assignments": 1, "title": "Sentiment evaluation", "description": "Please rate the sentiment of this message: '{{message}}'", "reward": 0.05, "lifetime_in_seconds": "3600", "questions": [ { "type": "selection", "key": "sentiment", "name": "Sentiment", "required": "true", "question": "Please select the best sentiment value:", "selections": [ { "key": "happy", "text": "Happy" }, { "key": "sad", "text": "Sad" }, { "key": "neutral", "text": "Neutral" } ] }, { "type": "free_text", "key": "feedback", "name": "Have any feedback for us?", "required": "false", "question": "Feedback", "default": "Type here...", "min_length": "2", "max_length": "2000" } ] } } As you can see, you configure the created HIT with the `hit` option. Required fields are `title`, which is the title of the created HIT, `description`, which is the description of the HIT, and `questions` which is an array of questions. Questions can be of `type` _selection_ or _free\\_text_. Both types require the `key`, `name`, `required`, `type`, and `question` configuration options. Additionally, _selection_ requires a `selections` array of options, each of which contain `key` and `text`. For _free\\_text_, the special configuration options are all optional, and are `default`, `min_length`, and `max_length`. By default, all answers are emitted in a single event. If you'd like separate events for each answer, set `separate_answers` to `true`. # Combining answers There are a couple of ways to combine HITs that have multiple `assignments`, all of which involve setting `combination_mode` at the top level. ## Taking the majority Option 1: if all of your `questions` are of `type` _selection_, you can set `combination_mode` to `take_majority`. This will cause the Agent to automatically select the majority vote for each question across all `assignments` and return it as `majority_answer`. If all selections are numeric, an `average_answer` will also be generated. Option 2: you can have the Agent ask additional human workers to rank the `assignments` and return the most highly ranked answer. To do this, set `combination_mode` to `poll` and provide a `poll_options` object. Here is an example: { "trigger_on": "schedule", "submission_period": 12, "combination_mode": "poll", "poll_options": { "title": "Take a poll about some jokes", "instructions": "Please rank these jokes from most funny (5) to least funny (1)", "assignments": 3, "row_template": "{{joke}}" }, "hit": { "assignments": 5, "title": "Tell a joke", "description": "Please tell me a joke", "reward": 0.05, "lifetime_in_seconds": "3600", "questions": [ { "type": "free_text", "key": "joke", "name": "Your joke", "required": "true", "question": "Joke", "min_length": "2", "max_length": "2000" } ] } } Resulting events will have the original `answers`, as well as the `poll` results, and a field called `best_answer` that contains the best answer as determined by the poll. (Note that `separate_answers` won't work when doing a poll.) # Other settings `lifetime_in_seconds` is the number of seconds a HIT is left on Amazon before it's automatically closed. The default is 1 day. As with most Agents, `expected_receive_period_in_days` is required if `trigger_on` is set to `event`. MD event_description <<-MD Events look like: { "answers": [ { "feedback": "Hello!", "sentiment": "happy" } ] } MD def validate_options options['hit'] ||= {} options['hit']['questions'] ||= [] errors.add(:base, "'trigger_on' must be one of 'schedule' or 'event'") unless %w[schedule event].include?(options['trigger_on']) errors.add(:base, "'hit.assignments' should specify the number of HIT assignments to create") unless options['hit']['assignments'].present? && options['hit']['assignments'].to_i > 0 errors.add(:base, "'hit.title' must be provided") unless options['hit']['title'].present? errors.add(:base, "'hit.description' must be provided") unless options['hit']['description'].present? errors.add(:base, "'hit.questions' must be provided") unless options['hit']['questions'].present? && options['hit']['questions'].length > 0 if options['trigger_on'] == "event" errors.add(:base, "'expected_receive_period_in_days' is required when 'trigger_on' is set to 'event'") unless options['expected_receive_period_in_days'].present? elsif options['trigger_on'] == "schedule" errors.add(:base, "'submission_period' must be set to a positive number of hours when 'trigger_on' is set to 'schedule'") unless options['submission_period'].present? && options['submission_period'].to_i > 0 end if options['hit']['questions'].any? { |question| %w[key name required type question].any? {|k| !question[k].present? } } errors.add(:base, "all questions must set 'key', 'name', 'required', 'type', and 'question'") end if options['hit']['questions'].any? { |question| question['type'] == "selection" && (!question['selections'].present? || question['selections'].length == 0 || !question['selections'].all? {|s| s['key'].present? } || !question['selections'].all? { |s| s['text'].present? })} errors.add(:base, "all questions of type 'selection' must have a selections array with selections that set 'key' and 'name'") end if take_majority? && options['hit']['questions'].any? { |question| question['type'] != "selection" } errors.add(:base, "all questions must be of type 'selection' to use the 'take_majority' option") end if create_poll? errors.add(:base, "poll_options is required when combination_mode is set to 'poll' and must have the keys 'title', 'instructions', 'row_template', and 'assignments'") unless options['poll_options'].is_a?(Hash) && options['poll_options']['title'].present? && options['poll_options']['instructions'].present? && options['poll_options']['row_template'].present? && options['poll_options']['assignments'].to_i > 0 end end def default_options { 'expected_receive_period_in_days' => 2, 'trigger_on' => "event", 'hit' => { 'assignments' => 1, 'title' => "Sentiment evaluation", 'description' => "Please rate the sentiment of this message: '{{message}}'", 'reward' => 0.05, 'lifetime_in_seconds' => 24 * 60 * 60, 'questions' => [ { 'type' => "selection", 'key' => "sentiment", 'name' => "Sentiment", 'required' => "true", 'question' => "Please select the best sentiment value:", 'selections' => [ { 'key' => "happy", 'text' => "Happy" }, { 'key' => "sad", 'text' => "Sad" }, { 'key' => "neutral", 'text' => "Neutral" } ] }, { 'type' => "free_text", 'key' => "feedback", 'name' => "Have any feedback for us?", 'required' => "false", 'question' => "Feedback", 'default' => "Type here...", 'min_length' => "2", 'max_length' => "2000" } ] } } end def working? last_receive_at && last_receive_at > interpolated['expected_receive_period_in_days'].to_i.days.ago && !recent_error_logs? end def check review_hits if interpolated['trigger_on'] == "schedule" && (memory['last_schedule'] || 0) <= Time.now.to_i - interpolated['submission_period'].to_i * 60 * 60 memory['last_schedule'] = Time.now.to_i create_basic_hit end end def receive(incoming_events) if interpolated['trigger_on'] == "event" incoming_events.each do |event| create_basic_hit event end end end protected if defined?(RTurk) def take_majority? interpolated['combination_mode'] == "take_majority" || interpolated['take_majority'] == "true" end def create_poll? interpolated['combination_mode'] == "poll" end def event_for_hit(hit_id) if memory['hits'][hit_id].is_a?(Hash) Event.find_by_id(memory['hits'][hit_id]['event_id']) else nil end end def hit_type(hit_id) if memory['hits'][hit_id].is_a?(Hash) && memory['hits'][hit_id]['type'] memory['hits'][hit_id]['type'] else 'user' end end def review_hits reviewable_hit_ids = RTurk::GetReviewableHITs.create.hit_ids my_reviewed_hit_ids = reviewable_hit_ids & (memory['hits'] || {}).keys if reviewable_hit_ids.length > 0 log "MTurk reports #{reviewable_hit_ids.length} HITs, of which I own [#{my_reviewed_hit_ids.to_sentence}]" end my_reviewed_hit_ids.each do |hit_id| hit = RTurk::Hit.new(hit_id) assignments = hit.assignments log "Looking at HIT #{hit_id}. I found #{assignments.length} assignments#{" with the statuses: #{assignments.map(&:status).to_sentence}" if assignments.length > 0}" if assignments.length == hit.max_assignments && assignments.all? { |assignment| assignment.status == "Submitted" } inbound_event = event_for_hit(hit_id) if hit_type(hit_id) == 'poll' # handle completed polls log "Handling a poll: #{hit_id}" scores = {} assignments.each do |assignment| assignment.answers.each do |index, rating| scores[index] ||= 0 scores[index] += rating.to_i end end top_answer = scores.to_a.sort {|b, a| a.last <=> b.last }.first.first payload = { 'answers' => memory['hits'][hit_id]['answers'], 'poll' => assignments.map(&:answers), 'best_answer' => memory['hits'][hit_id]['answers'][top_answer.to_i - 1] } event = create_event :payload => payload log "Event emitted with answer(s) for poll", :outbound_event => event, :inbound_event => inbound_event else # handle normal completed HITs payload = { 'answers' => assignments.map(&:answers) } if take_majority? counts = {} options['hit']['questions'].each do |question| question_counts = question['selections'].inject({}) { |memo, selection| memo[selection['key']] = 0; memo } assignments.each do |assignment| answers = ActiveSupport::HashWithIndifferentAccess.new(assignment.answers) answer = answers[question['key']] question_counts[answer] += 1 end counts[question['key']] = question_counts end payload['counts'] = counts majority_answer = counts.inject({}) do |memo, (key, question_counts)| memo[key] = question_counts.to_a.sort {|a, b| a.last <=> b.last }.last.first memo end payload['majority_answer'] = majority_answer if all_questions_are_numeric? average_answer = counts.inject({}) do |memo, (key, question_counts)| sum = divisor = 0 question_counts.to_a.each do |num, count| sum += num.to_s.to_f * count divisor += count end memo[key] = sum / divisor.to_f memo end payload['average_answer'] = average_answer end end if create_poll? questions = [] selections = 5.times.map { |i| { 'key' => i+1, 'text' => i+1 } }.reverse assignments.length.times do |index| questions << { 'type' => "selection", 'name' => "Item #{index + 1}", 'key' => index, 'required' => "true", 'question' => interpolate_string(options['poll_options']['row_template'], assignments[index].answers), 'selections' => selections } end poll_hit = create_hit 'title' => options['poll_options']['title'], 'description' => options['poll_options']['instructions'], 'questions' => questions, 'assignments' => options['poll_options']['assignments'], 'lifetime_in_seconds' => options['poll_options']['lifetime_in_seconds'], 'reward' => options['poll_options']['reward'], 'payload' => inbound_event && inbound_event.payload, 'metadata' => { 'type' => 'poll', 'original_hit' => hit_id, 'answers' => assignments.map(&:answers), 'event_id' => inbound_event && inbound_event.id } log "Poll HIT created with ID #{poll_hit.id} and URL #{poll_hit.url}. Original HIT: #{hit_id}", :inbound_event => inbound_event else if options[:separate_answers] payload['answers'].each.with_index do |answer, index| sub_payload = payload.dup sub_payload.delete('answers') sub_payload['answer'] = answer event = create_event :payload => sub_payload log "Event emitted with answer ##{index}", :outbound_event => event, :inbound_event => inbound_event end else event = create_event :payload => payload log "Event emitted with answer(s)", :outbound_event => event, :inbound_event => inbound_event end end end assignments.each(&:approve!) hit.dispose! memory['hits'].delete(hit_id) end end end def all_questions_are_numeric? interpolated['hit']['questions'].all? do |question| question['selections'].all? do |selection| selection['key'] == selection['key'].to_f.to_s || selection['key'] == selection['key'].to_i.to_s end end end def create_basic_hit(event = nil) hit = create_hit 'title' => options['hit']['title'], 'description' => options['hit']['description'], 'questions' => options['hit']['questions'], 'assignments' => options['hit']['assignments'], 'lifetime_in_seconds' => options['hit']['lifetime_in_seconds'], 'reward' => options['hit']['reward'], 'payload' => event && event.payload, 'metadata' => { 'event_id' => event && event.id } log "HIT created with ID #{hit.id} and URL #{hit.url}", :inbound_event => event end def create_hit(opts = {}) payload = opts['payload'] || {} title = interpolate_string(opts['title'], payload).strip description = interpolate_string(opts['description'], payload).strip questions = interpolate_options(opts['questions'], payload) hit = RTurk::Hit.create(:title => title) do |hit| hit.max_assignments = (opts['assignments'] || 1).to_i hit.description = description hit.lifetime = (opts['lifetime_in_seconds'] || 24 * 60 * 60).to_i hit.question_form AgentQuestionForm.new(:title => title, :description => description, :questions => questions) hit.reward = (opts['reward'] || 0.05).to_f #hit.qualifications.add :approval_rate, { :gt => 80 } end memory['hits'] ||= {} memory['hits'][hit.id] = opts['metadata'] || {} hit end # RTurk Question Form class AgentQuestionForm < RTurk::QuestionForm needs :title, :description, :questions def question_form_content Overview do Title do text @title end Text do text @description end end @questions.each.with_index do |question, index| Question do QuestionIdentifier do text question['key'] || "question_#{index}" end DisplayName do text question['name'] || "Question ##{index}" end IsRequired do text question['required'] || 'true' end QuestionContent do Text do text question['question'] end end AnswerSpecification do if question['type'] == "selection" SelectionAnswer do StyleSuggestion do text 'radiobutton' end Selections do question['selections'].each do |selection| Selection do SelectionIdentifier do text selection['key'] end Text do text selection['text'] end end end end end else FreeTextAnswer do if question['min_length'].present? || question['max_length'].present? Constraints do lengths = {} lengths['minLength'] = question['min_length'].to_s if question['min_length'].present? lengths['maxLength'] = question['max_length'].to_s if question['max_length'].present? Length lengths end end if question['default'].present? DefaultText do text question['default'] end end end end end end end end end end end end