huginn/app/models/agents/website_agent.rb

require 'nokogiri'
require 'faraday'
require 'faraday_middleware'
require 'date'

module Agents
  class WebsiteAgent < Agent
    include WebRequestConcern

    default_schedule "every_12h"

    UNIQUENESS_LOOK_BACK = 200
    UNIQUENESS_FACTOR = 3

    description <<-MD
      The WebsiteAgent scrapes a website, XML document, or JSON feed and creates Events based on the results.

      Specify a `url` and select a `mode` for when to create Events based on the scraped data, either `all` or `on_change`.

      `url` can be a single url, or an array of urls (for example, for multiple pages with the exact same structure but different content to scrape)

      The `type` value can be `xml`, `html`, `json`, or `text`.

      To tell the Agent how to parse the content, specify `extract` as a hash with keys naming the extractions and values of hashes.

      When parsing HTML or XML, these sub-hashes specify how each extraction should be done.  The Agent first selects a node set from the document for each extraction key by evaluating either a CSS selector in `css` or an XPath expression in `xpath`.  It then evaluates an XPath expression in `value` on each node in the node set, converting the result into string.  Here's an example:

          "extract": {
            "url": { "css": "#comic img", "value": "@src" },
            "title": { "css": "#comic img", "value": "@title" },
            "body_text": { "css": "div.main", "value": ".//text()" }
          }

      "@_attr_" is the XPath expression to extract the value of an attribute named _attr_ from a node, and ".//text()" is to extract all the enclosed texts.  You can also use [XPath functions](http://www.w3.org/TR/xpath/#section-String-Functions) like `normalize-space` to strip and squeeze whitespace, `substring-after` to extract part of a text, and `translate` to remove comma from a formatted number, etc.  Note that these functions take a string, not a node set, so what you may think would be written as `normalize-text(.//text())` should actually be `normalize-text(.)`.

      When parsing JSON, these sub-hashes specify [JSONPaths](http://goessner.net/articles/JsonPath/) to the values that you care about.  For example:

          "extract": {
            "title": { "path": "results.data[*].title" },
            "description": { "path": "results.data[*].description" }
          }

      When parsing text, each sub-hash should contain a `regexp` and `index`.  Output text is matched against the regular expression repeatedly from the beginning through to the end, collecting a captured group specified by `index` in each match.  Each index should be either an integer or a string name which corresponds to `(?<_name_>...)`.  For example, to parse lines of `_word_: _definition_`, the following should work:

          "extract": {
            "word": { "regexp": "^(.+?): (.+)$", index: 1 },
            "definition": { "regexp": "^(.+?): (.+)$", index: 2 },
          }

      Or if you prefer names to numbers for index:

          "extract": {
            "word": { "regexp": "^(?<word>.+?): (?<definition>.+)$", index: 'word' },
            "definition": { "regexp": "^(?<word>.+?): (?<definition>.+)$", index: 'definition' },
          }

      To extract the whole content as one event:

          "extract": {
            "content": { "regexp": "\A(?:.|\n)*\z", index: 0 },
          }

      Note that for all of the formats, whatever you extract MUST have the same number of matches for each extractor.  E.g., if you're extracting rows, all extractors must match all rows.  For generating CSS selectors, something like [SelectorGadget](http://selectorgadget.com) may be helpful.

      Can be configured to use HTTP basic auth by including the `basic_auth` parameter with `"username:password"`, or `["username", "password"]`.

      Set `expected_update_period_in_days` to the maximum amount of time that you'd expect to pass between Events being created by this Agent.  This is only used to set the "working" status.

      Set `uniqueness_look_back` to limit the number of events checked for uniqueness (typically for performance).  This defaults to the larger of #{UNIQUENESS_LOOK_BACK} or #{UNIQUENESS_FACTOR}x the number of detected received results.

      Set `force_encoding` to an encoding name if the website does not return a Content-Type header with a proper charset.

      Set `user_agent` to a custom User-Agent name if the website does not like the default value (`#{default_user_agent}`).

      The `headers` field is optional.  When present, it should be a hash of headers to send with the request.

      The WebsiteAgent can also scrape based on incoming events. It will scrape the url contained in the `url` key of the incoming event payload.
    MD

    event_description do
      "Events will have the fields you specified.  Your options look like:\n\n    #{Utils.pretty_print interpolated['extract']}"
    end

    def working?
      event_created_within?(interpolated['expected_update_period_in_days']) && !recent_error_logs?
    end

    def default_options
      {
          'expected_update_period_in_days' => "2",
          'url' => "http://xkcd.com",
          'type' => "html",
          'mode' => "on_change",
          'extract' => {
            'url' => { 'css' => "#comic img", 'value' => "@src" },
            'title' => { 'css' => "#comic img", 'value' => "@alt" },
            'hovertext' => { 'css' => "#comic img", 'value' => "@title" }
          }
      }
    end

    def validate_options
      # Check for required fields
      errors.add(:base, "url and expected_update_period_in_days are required") unless options['expected_update_period_in_days'].present? && options['url'].present?
      if !options['extract'].present? && extraction_type != "json"
        errors.add(:base, "extract is required for all types except json")
      end

      # Check for optional fields
      if options['mode'].present?
        errors.add(:base, "mode must be set to on_change or all") unless %w[on_change all].include?(options['mode'])
      end

      if options['expected_update_period_in_days'].present?
        errors.add(:base, "Invalid expected_update_period_in_days format") unless is_positive_integer?(options['expected_update_period_in_days'])
      end

      if options['uniqueness_look_back'].present?
        errors.add(:base, "Invalid uniqueness_look_back format") unless is_positive_integer?(options['uniqueness_look_back'])
      end

      if (encoding = options['force_encoding']).present?
        case encoding
        when String
          begin
            Encoding.find(encoding)
          rescue ArgumentError
            errors.add(:base, "Unknown encoding: #{encoding.inspect}")
          end
        else
          errors.add(:base, "force_encoding must be a string")
        end
      end

      validate_web_request_options!
    end

    def check
      check_url interpolated['url']
    end

    def check_url(in_url)
      return unless in_url.present?

      Array(in_url).each do |url|
        log "Fetching #{url}"
        response = faraday.get(url)
        if response.success?
          body = response.body
          if (encoding = interpolated['force_encoding']).present?
            body = body.encode(Encoding::UTF_8, encoding)
          end
          doc = parse(body)

          if extract_full_json?
            if store_payload!(previous_payloads(1), doc)
              log "Storing new result for '#{name}': #{doc.inspect}"
              create_event :payload => doc
            end
          else
            output = {}
            interpolated['extract'].each do |name, extraction_details|
              case extraction_type
              when "text"
                regexp = Regexp.new(extraction_details['regexp'])
                result = []
                doc.scan(regexp) {
                  result << Regexp.last_match[extraction_details['index']]
                }
                log "Extracting #{extraction_type} at #{regexp}: #{result}"
              when "json"
                result = Utils.values_at(doc, extraction_details['path'])
                log "Extracting #{extraction_type} at #{extraction_details['path']}: #{result}"
              else
                case
                when css = extraction_details['css']
                  nodes = doc.css(css)
                when xpath = extraction_details['xpath']
                  doc.remove_namespaces! # ignore xmlns, useful when parsing atom feeds
                  nodes = doc.xpath(xpath)
                else
                  error '"css" or "xpath" is required for HTML or XML extraction'
                  return
                end
                case nodes
                when Nokogiri::XML::NodeSet
                  result = nodes.map { |node|
                    case value = node.xpath(extraction_details['value'])
                    when Float
                      # Node#xpath() returns any numeric value as float;
                      # convert it to integer as appropriate.
                      value = value.to_i if value.to_i == value
                    end
                    value.to_s
                  }
                else
                  error "The result of HTML/XML extraction was not a NodeSet"
                  return
                end
                log "Extracting #{extraction_type} at #{xpath || css}: #{result}"
              end
              output[name] = result
            end

            num_unique_lengths = interpolated['extract'].keys.map { |name| output[name].length }.uniq

            if num_unique_lengths.length != 1
              error "Got an uneven number of matches for #{interpolated['name']}: #{interpolated['extract'].inspect}"
              return
            end

            old_events = previous_payloads num_unique_lengths.first
            num_unique_lengths.first.times do |index|
              result = {}
              interpolated['extract'].keys.each do |name|
                result[name] = output[name][index]
                if name.to_s == 'url'
                  result[name] = (response.env[:url] + result[name]).to_s
                end
              end

              if store_payload!(old_events, result)
                log "Storing new parsed result for '#{name}': #{result.inspect}"
                create_event :payload => result
              end
            end
          end
        else
          error "Failed: #{response.inspect}"
        end
      end
    end

    def receive(incoming_events)
      incoming_events.each do |event|
        url_to_scrape = event.payload['url']
        check_url(url_to_scrape) if url_to_scrape =~ /^https?:\/\//i
      end
    end

    private

    # This method returns true if the result should be stored as a new event.
    # If mode is set to 'on_change', this method may return false and update an existing
    # event to expire further in the future.
    def store_payload!(old_events, result)
      if !interpolated['mode'].present?
        return true
      elsif interpolated['mode'].to_s == "all"
        return true
      elsif interpolated['mode'].to_s == "on_change"
        result_json = result.to_json
        old_events.each do |old_event|
          if old_event.payload.to_json == result_json
            old_event.expires_at = new_event_expiration_date
            old_event.save!
            return false
         end
        end
        return true
      end
      raise "Illegal options[mode]: " + interpolated['mode'].to_s
    end

    def previous_payloads(num_events)
      if interpolated['uniqueness_look_back'].present?
        look_back = interpolated['uniqueness_look_back'].to_i
      else
        # Larger of UNIQUENESS_FACTOR * num_events and UNIQUENESS_LOOK_BACK
        look_back = UNIQUENESS_FACTOR * num_events
        if look_back < UNIQUENESS_LOOK_BACK
          look_back = UNIQUENESS_LOOK_BACK
        end
      end
      events.order("id desc").limit(look_back) if interpolated['mode'].present? && interpolated['mode'].to_s == "on_change"
    end

    def extract_full_json?
      !interpolated['extract'].present? && extraction_type == "json"
    end

    def extraction_type
      (interpolated['type'] || begin
        case interpolated['url']
        when /\.(rss|xml)$/i
          "xml"
        when /\.json$/i
          "json"
        when /\.(txt|text)$/i
          "text"
        else
          "html"
        end
      end).to_s
    end

    def parse(data)
      case extraction_type
        when "xml"
          Nokogiri::XML(data)
        when "json"
          JSON.parse(data)
        when "html"
          Nokogiri::HTML(data)
        when "text"
          data
        else
          raise "Unknown extraction type #{extraction_type}"
      end
    end

    def is_positive_integer?(value)
      begin
        Integer(value) >= 0
      rescue
        false
      end
    end
  end
end